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ERLEADA SIDE EFFECTS

  • Generic Name: apalutamide tablets
  • Brand Name: Erleada
  • Drug Class: Antineoplastics, Antiandrogen, Antiandrogens
Last updated on MDtodate: 10/05/2022

SIDE EFFECTS

The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling:

  • Cerebrovascular and Ischemic Cardiovascular Events
  • Fractures
  • Falls
  • Seizure

Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The most common adverse reactions (≥ 10%) that occurred more frequently in the ERLEADA-treated patients (≥ 2% over placebo) from the randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (TITAN and SPARTAN) were fatigue, arthralgia, rash, decreased appetite, fall, weight decreased, hypertension, hot flush, diarrhea, and fracture.

Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mCSPC)

TITAN, a randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical study, enrolled patients who had mCSPC. In this study, patients received either ERLEADA at a dose of 240 mg daily or placebo. All patients in the TITAN study received a concomitant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or had prior bilateral orchiectomy. The median duration of exposure was 20 months (range: 0 to 34 months) in patients who received ERLEADA and 18 months (range: 0.1 to 34 months) in patients who received placebo.

Ten patients (2%) who were treated with ERLEADA died from adverse reactions. The reasons for death were ischemic cardiovascular events (n=3), acute kidney injury (n=2), cardio-respiratory arrest (n=1), sudden cardiac death (n=1), respiratory failure (n=1), cerebrovascular accident (n=1), and large intestinal ulcer perforation (n=1). ERLEADA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of patients, most commonly from rash (2%). Adverse reactions leading to dose interruption or reduction of ERLEADA occurred in 23% of patients; the most frequent (>1%) were rash, fatigue, and hypertension. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 20% of ERLEADA-treated patients and 20% in patients receiving placebo.

Table 1 shows adverse reactions occurring in ≥10% on the ERLEADA arm in TITAN that occurred with a ≥2% absolute increase in frequency compared to placebo. Table 2 shows laboratory abnormalities that occurred in ≥15% of patients, and more frequently (>5%) in the ERLEADA arm compared to placebo.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions in TITAN (mCSPC)

System/Organ Class ERLEADA
N=524
Placebo
N=527
All Grades Grade 3-4 All Grades Grade 3-4
Adverse reaction % % % %
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
  Arthralgiaa 17 0.4 15 0.9
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
  Rashb 28 6 9 0.6
  Pruritus 11 <1 5 <1
Vascular disorders
  Hot flush 23 0 16 0
  Hypertension 18 8 16 9
aPer the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Reactions (CTCAE), the highest severity for these events is Grade 3
bIncludes rash, rash maculo-papular, rash generalized, urticaria, rash pruritic, rash macular, conjunctivitis, erythema multiforme, rash papular, skin exfoliation, genital rash, rash erythematous, stomatitis, drug eruption, mouth ulceration, rash pustular, blister, papule, pemphigoid, skin erosion, dermatitis, and rash vesicular

 

Additional adverse reactions of interest occurring in 2%, but less than 10% of patients treated with ERLEADA included diarrhea (9% versus 6% on placebo), muscle spasm (3% versus 2% on placebo), dysgeusia (3% versus 1% on placebo), and hypothyroidism (4% versus 1% on placebo).

Table 2: Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in ≥ 15% of ERLEADA-Treated Patients and at a Higher Incidence than Placebo (Between Arm Difference > 5% All Grades) in TITAN (mCSPC)

ERLEADA
N=524
Placebo
N=527
All Grades Grade 3-4 All Grades Grade 3-4
Laboratory Abnormality % % % %
Hematology
  White blood cell decreased 27 0.4 19 0.6
Chemistry
  Hypertriglyceridemiaa 17 3 12 2
aDoes not reflect fasting values

 

Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (nmCRPC)

SPARTAN, a randomized (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical study, enrolled patients who had nmCRPC. In this study, patients received either ERLEADA at a dose of 240 mg daily or a placebo. All patients in the SPARTAN study received a concomitant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or had a bilateral orchiectomy. The median duration of exposure was 33 months (range: 0.1 to 75 months) in patients who received ERLEADA and 11 months (range: 0.1 to 37 months) in patients who received placebo.

Twenty-four patients (3%) who were treated with ERLEADA died from adverse reactions. The reasons for death with ≥ 2 patients included infection (n=7), myocardial infarction (n=3), cerebrovascular event (n=2), and unknown reason (n=3). ERLEADA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of patients, most commonly from rash (3%). Adverse reactions leading to dose interruption or reduction of ERLEADA occurred in 33% of patients; the most common (>1%) were rash, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, and hematuria. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of ERLEADA-treated patients and 23% in patients receiving placebo. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (>2%) were fracture (3%) in the ERLEADA arm and urinary retention (4%) in the placebo arm.

Table 3 shows adverse reactions occurring in ≥10% on the ERLEADA arm in SPARTAN that occurred with a ≥2% absolute increase in frequency compared to placebo. Table 4 shows laboratory abnormalities that occurred in ≥15% of patients, and more frequently (>5%) in the ERLEADA arm compared to placebo.

Table 3:Adverse Reactions in SPARTAN (nmCRPC)

ERLEADA
N=803
Placebo
N=398
System/Organ Class All Grades Grade 3-4 All Grades Grade 3-4
Adverse reaction % % % %
General disorders and administration site conditions
  Fatiguea,b 39 1 28 0.3
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
  Arthralgiab 16 0 8 0
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
  Rashc 25 5 6 0.3
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
  Decreased appetited 12 0.1 9 0
  Peripheral edemae 11 0 9 0
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
  Fallb 16 2 9 0.8
  Fracturef 12 3 7 0.8
Investigations
  Weight decreasedb 16 1 6 0.3
Vascular disorders
  Hypertension 25 14 20 12
  Hot flush 14 0 9 0
Gastrointestinal disorders
  Diarrhea 20 1 15 0.5
  Nausea 18 0 16 0
aIncludes fatigue and asthenia
bPer the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Reactions (CTCAE), the highest severity for these events is Grade 3
cIncludes rash, rash maculo-papular, rash generalized, urticaria, rash pruritic, rash macular, conjunctivitis, erythema multiforme, rash papular, skin exfoliation, genital rash, rash erythematous, stomatitis, drug eruption, mouth ulceration, rash pustular, blister, papule, pemphigoid, skin erosion, dermatitis, and rash vesicular
dIncludes appetite disorder, decreased appetite, early satiety, and hypophagia
eIncludes peripheral edema, generalized edema, edema, edema genital, penile edema, peripheral swelling, scrotal edema, lymphedema, swelling, and localized edema
fIncludes rib fracture, lumbar vertebral fracture, spinal compression fracture, spinal fracture, foot fracture, hip fracture, humerus fracture, thoracic vertebral fracture, upper limb fracture, fractured sacrum, hand fracture, pubis fracture, acetabulum fracture, ankle fracture, compression fracture, costal cartilage fracture, facial bones fracture, lower limb fracture, osteoporotic fracture, wrist fracture, avulsion fracture, fibula fracture, fractured coccyx, pelvic fracture, radius fracture, sternal fracture, stress fracture, traumatic fracture, cervical vertebral fracture, femoral neck fracture, and tibia fracture

 

Additional clinically significant adverse reactions occurring in 2% or more of patients treated with ERLEADA included hypothyroidism (8% versus 2% on placebo), pruritus (6% versus 2% on placebo), and heart failure (2% versus 1% on placebo).

Table 4: Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in ≥ 15% of ERLEADA-Treated Patients and at a Higher Incidence than Placebo (Between Arm Difference > 5% All Grades) in SPARTAN (nmCRPC)

ERLEADA
N=803
Placebo
N=398
All Grades Grade 3-4 All Grades Grade 3-4
Laboratory Abnormality % % % %
Hematology
  Anemia 70 0.4 64 0.5
  Leukopenia 47 0.3 29 0
  Lymphopenia 41 2 21 2
Chemistry
  Hypercholesterolemiaa 76 0.1 46 0
  Hyperglycemiaa 70 2 59 1
  Hypertriglyceridemiaa 67 2 49 0.8
  Hyperkalemia 32 2 22 0.5
a Does not reflect fasting values

 

Rash

In the combined data of two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies, SPARTAN and TITAN, rash associated with ERLEADA was most commonly described as macular or maculopapular. Adverse reactions of rash were reported for 26% of patients treated with ERLEADA versus 8% of patients treated with placebo. Grade 3 rashes (defined as covering > 30% body surface area [BSA]) were reported with ERLEADA treatment (6%) versus placebo (0.5%).

The onset of rash occurred at a median of 83 days of ERLEADA treatment. Rash resolved in 78% of patients within a median of 78 days from onset of rash. Rash was commonly managed with oral antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, and 19% of patients received systemic corticosteroids. Dose reduction or dose interruption occurred in 14% and 28% of patients, respectively. Of the patients who had dose interruption, 59% experienced recurrence of rash upon reintroduction of ERLEADA.

Hypothyroidism

In the combined data of two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies, SPARTAN and TITAN, hypothyroidism was reported for 8% of patients treated with ERLEADA and 2% of patients treated with placebo based on assessments of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) every 4 months. Elevated TSH occurred in 25% of patients treated with ERLEADA and 7% of patients treated with placebo. The median onset was at the first scheduled assessment. There were no Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions. Thyroid replacement therapy was initiated in 5% of patients treated with ERLEADA. Thyroid replacement therapy, when clinically indicated, should be initiated or dose-adjusted.

Post-Marketing Experience

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of ERLEADA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: interstitial lung disease

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis.

 

SRC: NLM .

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