BENLYSTA SIDE EFFECTS

SIDE EFFECTS

The following adverse reactions have been observed with BENLYSTA and are discussed in detail in the Warnings and Precautions section:

• Serious Infections.
• Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis.
• Infusion Reactions.
• Depression and Suicidality.
• Malignancy.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Clinical Trials Experience With Intravenous Administration

Adults

The data described in Table 1 reflect exposure to BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy compared with placebo plus standard therapy in 2,133 adult patients with SLE in 3 controlled trials (Trials 1, 2, and 3). Patients received BENLYSTA plus standard therapy at doses of 1 mg/kg (n = 673), 4 mg/kg (n = 111; Trial 1 only), or 10 mg/kg (n = 674), or placebo plus standard therapy (n = 675) intravenously over a 1-hour period on Days 0, 14, 28, and then every 28 days. In 2 of the trials (Trial 1 and Trial 3), treatment was given for 48 weeks, while in the other trial (Trial 2) treatment was given for 72 weeks. Because there was no apparent dose-related increase in the majority of adverse events observed with BENLYSTA, the safety data summarized below are presented for the 3 intravenous doses pooled, unless otherwise indicated; the adverse reaction table displays the results for the recommended intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg compared with placebo.

The population had a mean age of 39 years (range: 18 to 75), 94% were female, and 52% were White. In these trials, 93% of patients treated with BENLYSTA plus standard therapy reported an adverse event compared with 92% treated with placebo plus standard therapy.

The most common serious adverse events were serious infections (6.0% and 5.2% in the groups receiving BENLYSTA and placebo plus standard therapy, respectively), some of which were fatal.

The most commonly reported adverse events, occurring in ≥5% of patients in clinical trials were nausea, diarrhea, pyrexia, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, insomnia, pain in extremity, depression, migraine, and pharyngitis.

The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment due to any adverse reaction during the controlled clinical trials was 6.2% for patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy and 7.1% for patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of treatment (≥1% of patients receiving BENLYSTA or placebo) were infusion reactions (1.6% BENLYSTA and 0.9% placebo), lupus nephritis (0.7% BENLYSTA and 1.2% placebo), and infections (0.7% BENLYSTA and 1.0% placebo).

Table 1 lists adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in at least 3% of patients with SLE who received BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus standard therapy and at an incidence at least 1% greater than that observed with placebo plus standard therapy in 3 controlled trials (Trials 1, 2, and 3).

Table 1. Incidence of Adverse Reactions Occurring in at Least 3% of Adult Patients with SLE Treated with BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus Standard Therapy and at Least 1% More Frequently than in Patients Receiving Placebo plus Standard Therapy

Infections

In the controlled clinical trials of BENLYSTA administered intravenously in adults with SLE, the overall incidence of infections was 71% in patients receiving BENLYSTA compared with 67% in patients receiving placebo. The most frequent infections (>5% of patients receiving BENLYSTA) were upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, and influenza. Infections leading to discontinuation of treatment occurred in 0.7% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 1.0% of patients receiving placebo. Serious infections occurred in 6.0% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in 5.2% of patients receiving placebo. The most frequent serious infections included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, and bronchitis. Fatal infections occurred in 0.3% (4/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in 0.1% (1/675) of patients receiving placebo.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 104-week trial of active lupus nephritis in adults receiving BENLYSTA administered intravenously (N = 448), the overall incidence of infections was 82% in patients receiving BENLYSTA compared with 76% in patients receiving placebo. Serious infections occurred in 14% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in 17% of patients receiving placebo. Fatal infections occurred in 0.9% (2/224) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in 0.9% (2/224) of patients receiving placebo.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week, postmarketing safety trial of BENLYSTA administered intravenously in adults with SLE (N = 4,003), the incidence of serious infections was 3.7% in patients receiving BENLYSTA compared with 4.1% in patients receiving placebo. Serious infections leading to discontinuation of treatment occurred in 1.0% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in 0.9% of patients receiving placebo. Fatal infections occurred in 0.45% (9/2,002) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in 0.15% (3/2,001) of patients receiving placebo, where the incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.50% (10/2,002) in patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.40% (8/2,001) in patients receiving placebo.

Depression and Suicidality

In controlled clinical trials of BENLYSTA administered intravenously in adults with SLE (N = 2,133), psychiatric events were reported more frequently with BENLYSTA (16%) than with placebo (12%), primarily related to depression-related events (6.3% BENLYSTA; 4.7% placebo), insomnia (6.0% BENLYSTA; 5.3% placebo), and anxiety (3.9% BENLYSTA; 2.8% placebo). Serious psychiatric events were reported in 0.8% (12/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.4% (3/675) of patients receiving placebo. Serious depression was reported in 0.4% (6/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.1% (1/675) of patients receiving placebo. Two suicides (0.1%) were reported in patients receiving BENLYSTA (one with 10 mg/kg and one with 1 mg/kg).

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week, postmarketing safety trial of BENLYSTA administered intravenously in adults with SLE (N = 4,003), serious psychiatric events were reported in 1.0% (20/2,002) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.3% (6/2,001) of patients receiving placebo. Serious depression was reported in 0.3% (7/2,002) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in <0.1% (1/2,001) receiving placebo. The overall incidence of serious suicidal ideation or behavior or self-injury without suicidal intent was 0.7% (15/2,002) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.2% (5/2,001) of patients receiving placebo. On the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), 2.4% (48/1,974) of patients receiving BENLYSTA reported suicidal ideation or behavior compared with 2.0% (39/1,988) of patients receiving placebo. No suicide was reported in either group.

The intravenous trials above did not exclude patients with a history of psychiatric disorders.

Black/African-American Patients

The safety of BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg administered intravenously plus standard therapy (n = 331) compared with placebo plus standard therapy (n = 165) in Black patients with SLE (Trial 4) was consistent with the known safety profile of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy in the overall population.

Lupus Nephritis

The safety of BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg administered intravenously plus standard therapy (n = 224) compared with placebo plus standard therapy (n = 224) was evaluated in adults with active lupus nephritis for up to 104weeks (Trial 5).The adverse reactions observed were consistent with the known safety profile of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy in patients with SLE. Cases of myelosuppression, including febrile neutropenia, leukopenia, and pancytopenia, were observed in subjects who received induction therapy with cyclophosphamide followed by maintenance therapy with azathioprine, or mycophenolate.

Pediatric Patients

The safety of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy (n = 53) compared with placebo plus standard therapy (n = 40) was evaluated in 93 pediatric patients with SLE (Trial 6). The adverse reactions observed were consistent with those observed in adults.

Clinical Trials Experience With Subcutaneous Administration In Adults

The data described below reflect exposure to BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously plus standard therapy compared with placebo plus standard therapy in 836 patients with SLE in a controlled trial (Trial 7). In addition to standard therapy, patients received BENLYSTA 200 mg (n = 556) or placebo (n = 280) (2:1 randomization) once weekly for up to 52 weeks.

The overall population had a mean age of 39 years (range: 18 to 77), 94% were female, and 60% were White. In the trial, 81% of patients treated with BENLYSTA plus standard therapy reported an adverse event compared with 84% treated with placebo plus standard therapy. The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment due to any adverse reaction during the controlled clinical trial was 7.2% of patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy and 8.9% of patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy.

The safety profile observed for BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously plus standard therapy was consistent with the known safety profile of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy, with the exception of local injection site reactions.

Infections

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), the overall incidence of infections was 55% in patients receiving BENLYSTA compared with 57% in patients receiving placebo (serious infections: 4.1% with BENLYSTA and 5.4% with placebo). The most commonly reported infections with BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously were similar to those reported with BENLYSTA administered intravenously. Fatal infections occurred in 0.5% (3/556) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in no patients receiving placebo (0/280).

Depression And Suicidality

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), which excluded patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric events were reported in 6% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 11% of patients receiving placebo. Depression-related events were reported in 2.7% (15/556) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 3.6% (10/280) of patients receiving placebo. Serious psychiatric events were reported in 0.2% (1/556) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in no patients receiving placebo. There were no serious depression-related events or suicides reported in either group. On the C-SSRS, 1.3% (7/554) of patients receiving BENLYSTA reported suicidal ideation or behavior compared with 0.7% (2/277) of patients receiving placebo.

Injection Site Reactions

In a controlled clinical trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), the frequency of injection site reactions was 6.1% (34/556) for patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy and 2.5% (7/280) for patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy. These injection site reactions (most commonly pain, erythema, hematoma, pruritus, and induration) were mild to moderate in severity. The majority (94%) did not necessitate discontinuation of treatment.

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of BENLYSTA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

• Fatal anaphylaxis.

Immunogenicity

As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to belimumab with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

In Trials 2 and 3 (intravenous dosing in adults with SLE), anti-belimumab antibodies were detected in 4 of 563 (0.7%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg and in 27 of 559 (4.8%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg. The reported frequency for the group receiving 10 mg/kg may underestimate the actual frequency due to lower assay sensitivity in the presence of high drug concentrations. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 3 patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg. Three patients with anti-belimumab antibodies experienced mild infusion reactions of nausea, erythematous rash, pruritus, eyelid edema, headache, and dyspnea; none of the reactions was life-threatening. In Trial 4 (intravenous dosing in adult Black patients), anti-belimumab antibodies were detected in 2 of 321 (0.6%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg during the 52-week, placebo-controlled period. In Trial 5 (intravenous dosing in adults with lupus nephritis), there was no formation of anti-belimumab antibodies in 224 patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus standard therapy during the 104-week, placebo-controlled period. In Trial 6 (intravenous dosing in pediatric patients with SLE), there was no formation of anti-belimumab antibodies in 53 patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus standard therapy during the 52-week, placebo-controlled period. In Trial 7 (subcutaneous dosing in adults with SLE), there was no formation of anti-belimumab antibodies in 556 patients receiving BENLYSTA 200 mg during the 52-week, placebo-controlled period.

The clinical relevance of the presence of anti-belimumab antibodies is not known.

The data reflect the percentage of patients whose test results were positive for antibodies to belimumab in specific assays.

SRC: NLM .